"Belial" is applied to ideas, words, and counsel, to calamitous circumstances, and most frequently, to worthless men of the lowest sort, such as men who would induce worship of other gods those of Benjamin who committed the sex crime at Gibeah the wicked sons of Eli insolent Nabal opposers of God's anointed, David Rehoboam's unsteady associates Jezebel's conspirators against Naboth and men in general who stir up contention. "the wicked men of the city" (Judges 19:22, NIV)."the sons of Eli were worthless men" (1 Samuel 2:12, NRSV and NIV).In modern versions these are usually read as a phrase: "the sons of Eli were sons of Belial" (KJV).The Geneva Bible (1560) uses "wicked", and at the Book of Judges 19:22 has the marginal note " Ebr men of Belial: that is, given to all wickednes." In the KJV these occurrences are rendered with "Belial" capitalised:
Of these 27 occurrences, the idiom "sons of Belial" (בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּעַל beni beliyaal) appears 15 times to indicate worthless people, including idolaters (Deuteronomy 13:13), the men of Gibeah (Judges 19:22, 20:13), the sons of Eli (1 Samuel 2:12), Nabal, and Shimei. Phrases beginning with "sons of" are a common Semitic idiom, such as "sons of destruction" or "sons of lawlessness". In the Hebrew text, the phrase is either "sons of Belial" or simply "sons of worthlessness". The word occurs twenty-seven times in the Masoretic Text, in verses such as the Book of Proverbs ( Proverbs 6:12), where the King James Version (KJV) translates the Hebrew phrase adam beli-yaal as "a naughty person". Only a few etymologists have believed it to be an invented name from the start.
Some scholars translate it from Hebrew as "worthless" ( Beli yo'il), while others translate it as "yokeless" ( Beli ol), "may he have no rising" or "never to rise" ( Beli ya'al). The etymology of the word is often understood as "lacking worth", from two common words: beli- (בְּלִי "without-") and ya'al (יָעַל "to be of value"). Hebrew Bible/Old Testament īelial is a Hebrew word "used to characterize the wicked or worthless". In the Secret Book of John, an early Gnostic text, the ruler of the underworld is referred to as Belias. Alternate spellings include Baalial, Balial, Belhor, Beliall, Beliar, Berial, Bylyl and Beliya'al. A woodcut of Belial and some of his followers from a German edition of Jacobus de Teramo's book Consolatio peccatorum, seu Processus Luciferi contra Jesum Christum (1473).īelial ( Hebrew: בְּלִיַּעַל, Bəlīyyaʿal) is a term occurring in the Hebrew Bible/ Old Testament which later became personified as the devil in Christian texts of the New Testament.
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